- #THEORY HAZARD PERCEPTION TEST 2016 DRIVERS#
- #THEORY HAZARD PERCEPTION TEST 2016 DRIVER#
- #THEORY HAZARD PERCEPTION TEST 2016 LICENSE#
Using fuzzy signal detection theory, they found that there was an effect for sensitivity and response bias participants showed a higher sensitivity in a no-texting condition in the city environment and a more liberal response in the city environment. The secondary tasks represented different texting conditions: baseline (no texting), repeat a phone number (assessing working memory), or answer an open-ended question (assessing central executive). These differences in the roadway and environment may engender different ways of scanning the driving scene and perceiving hazards.īurge and Chaparro (2018) investigated differences in city and highway environments while participants engaged in different types of secondary tasks.
#THEORY HAZARD PERCEPTION TEST 2016 DRIVERS#
Additionally, driving speeds differ in these environments which influence headway distances and how far ahead drivers they scan the environment ( Taieb-Maimon & Shinar, 2001). Most highway driving consists of divided highway, meaning that all cars are going the same direction at roughly the same speed, whereas city environments are more heterogeneous in term of roadway geometry, traffic paths, and visual complexity (i.e., presence of buildings, parked cars, businesses, and advertising).
Physical differences in the road environment and visual complexity of the driving scene may affect driving behavior in city versus highway scenes.
These important environmental differences could change the way hazards are perceived. Complexity of the scene has been shown to have an effect on driving performance ( Chaparro & Alton, 2000) and search efficiency ( Ho, Scialfa, Caird, & Graw, 2001) during the driving task. According to Lavie (2005), it may be more difficult for individuals to selectively attend to targets and filter out distractors under high perceptual load. There are a number of differences between city and highway driving in terms of the physical environment, classes of hazards (e.g., presence of pedestrians, cross traffic), and the perceptual information available to the driver. Despite this, one aspect of HP that has not been systematically studied is how HP varies according to roadway environments. The frequency and types of hazards vary with road environment (city/urban versus highway). HP is one of the only measures of driving performance that has consistently been found to be related to crash risk and other crash-related measures ( Horswill, 2016a Horswill & McKenna, 2004).
#THEORY HAZARD PERCEPTION TEST 2016 DRIVER#
HP is defined as any combination of road environment situation and/or circumstance that increases the probability of a crash, and is beyond the immediate control of the driver ( Haworth, Symmons, & Kowadlo, 2000). One aspect of driving that is related to safety is hazard perception (HP). These crashes have a significant impact on society, both in terms of economic impact and the loss of human life in 2016 alone, 37,461 people were killed in the United States in motor vehicle crashes ( National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, 2018). The complexity of driving increases the potential for errors resulting in crashes. Even though driving is commonplace, it is a complex task involving over 1,600 bottom-level tasks ( Walker, Stanton, & Salmon, 2015). In 2009 there were more than 210 million licensed drivers in the United States who traveled 3 trillion miles and made 392 billion person-trips during that year ( Federal Highway Administration, 2011). When the video clips were categorized by environment, driving experience was only significantly correlated with performance for the city environment. Driving experience was significantly correlated to response lag. There were differences between city and highway environments in response lag and response bias participants responded earlier to the hazards in the highway environment and exhibited a more liberal response bias.
#THEORY HAZARD PERCEPTION TEST 2016 LICENSE#
Forty-eight participants with a range of driving experience as assessed by the years since obtaining a license (less than 1 year to 24 years) completed the study. Forty videos were used: 20 from highway environments and 20 from city environments. HP was measured using HP clips that evaluated response lag (defined as the time from the participant’s response to the end of the clip) and fuzzy signal detection theory metrics of response criterion and sensitivity. In the current study, we investigate the effect of roadway environment (city vs. Hazard perception (HP) is an important aspect of driving performance and is associated with crash risk.
0 kommentar(er)
